Ácido anacárdico: principal constituinte do líquido da castanha do caju com potencial atividade antileishmania / Anacardic acid: main constituent of cashew nut liquid with potential antileishmania activity

Iuliana Marjory Martins Ribeiro; Michel Muálem de Moraes Alves; Ivete Lopes de Mendonça

doi:10.26694/jibi.v6i1.9852

Ácido anacárdico: principal constituinte do líquido da castanha do caju com potencial atividade antileishmania / Anacardic acid: main constituent of cashew nut liquid with potential antileishmania activity

Iuliana Marjory Martins Ribeiro, Michel Muálem de Moraes Alves, Ivete Lopes de Mendonça

Resumo

As leishmanioses são doenças negligenciadas causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, sendo a Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) sua forma clínica mais grave. O tratamento de escolha contra LV é realizado com antimoniais pentavalentes, anfotericina B, paromomicina e miltefosina, porém o uso desses fármacos por longos períodos resulta em efeitos adversos graves, baixa tolerância e desenvolvimento de cepas resistentes, contribuindo para a ineficácia dos regimes terapêuticos, o que requer a busca por novos agentes terapêuticos. As plantas são consideradas uma importante fonte de produtos naturais que podem ser explorados com sucesso para o desenvolvimento de drogas com atividade antileishmania. Dentre as plantas medicinais amplamente utilizadas, destaca-se o cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.), que possui características biológicas, como atividades antiinflamatórias, antimicrobianas, antioxidantes, antitumorais, larvicidas e inseticidas, exibindo grande potencial terapêutico. O presente estudo objetivou discorrer sobre o ácido anacárdico - componente majoritário do líquido da castanha do caju (LCC) - e seu potencial efeito antileishmania. Realizou-se uma análise eletrônica na base de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed, MEDLINE e Scielo. O uso do ácido anacárdico no tratamento da leishmaniose é uma alternativa promissora aos fármacos utilizados atualmente. Entretanto, é necessário que mais estudos sejam realizados, especialmente visando investigar se esses compostos ativos possuem efeitos citotóxicos e como estes se comportam in vivo.

Palavras-chave

Leishmaniose visceral; Produtos naturais; Drogas antileishmaniais

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26694/jibi.v6i1.9852